WHAT IS IP ADDRESS??WHAT IS MAC ADDRESS ?? ARE THEY SAME???

IP-ADDRESS & MAC-ADDRESS

IP-ADDRESS:-

Ip address is defined as the internet protocol address that helps the device to communicate in a network which means if there is no ip address assigned to a device cannot receive files/data from other devices neither it can transfer files/data to the other devices in the same network.lot of times we see something like "192.168.0.1"in our in pc/mobile this is basically the ip address.it works on the internet layer in the "OSI MODEL".

There are two version of ip address are there:-

IPV4(INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION-4)

It is the fourth generation of ip address.it is a 32 bit address in the form of four octets separated by dots.each octet comprises of 8 bits,the maximum and minimum decimal value for each octet is 255 and 0 respectively.

Ex-192.168.0.1 is a ipv4 address 

How to check ip address??

Ans:-open cmd->type "ipconfig/all"

🔴BREAKDOWN OF IPV4  INTO CLASSES:- 

Class-A:-

i)in class a address the 1st octet value will varry from 0-126

ii)the subnet mask is 255.0.0.0

iii)it has one network bit(first octet) and rest of three are host bits.

iv)Ex:-10.1.1.2

Class-B:-

i)in class a address the 1st octet value will varry from 128-191

ii)the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0

iii)it has two network bit(first two) and rest of two are host bits.

iv)Ex:-150.10.2.1

BIT REPRESENTATION OF IPV4

Class-C:-

i)in class a address the 1st octet value will varry from 192-223

ii)the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0

iii)it has three network bit(first three) and rest one is host bits.

iv)Ex:-192.168.10.1

Class-D & Class-E:-
in class-d the 1st octet value will varry from 224-239 and in class-E it will varry from 240-255.

from the above section we have not mentioned two things????

???????????

1.while classification of  ipv4 in different classes we have ignored the octet value of 127 :)

the ip 127.0.0.1 it is called the "loopback address,that is used to test  the communication medium on a local network card or testing network applications.

how to go???

                                                        go to cmd->ping 127.0.0.1

2.we have not discuss the concept of subnet mask-
it is used to separate the network and host bit from a given ip address.the process by which we can divide a big network into smaller ones that is called "subnetting".from subnet mask we are getting the concept of network id,broadcast id,"CIDR"  value,number of host,ip rotation.

ex:-one ip is given :-100.228.111.244

it is a class-A ip,it will have a  subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 that means it has one network bit and rest three are host bit.
i.network id-by putting all the host bit are zero makes the network id -100.0.0.0
ii.broadcast id-by putting all the host bit 255 makes the broadcast id-100.255.255.255
iii.CIDR-given ip is -100.228.111.244,has subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 converting the subnet mask to binary we get:-11111111.000000000.00000000.00000000
as the CIDR is the no of zeros in the subnet mask corresponding to the ip address so there are 24 zeros.hence CIDR=24
iv.number of host={2^(number of zeros in the subnet mask)-2}
                              ={(2^24)-2}
similarly for class-b:
no of host={(2^16)-2}
class-c:-
no of host={(2^8)-2}


IPV6 address-
it is the sixth generation of the ip address.it is 128 bit hexadecimal address sin the form eight hextets separated by single colon in between them.if there are zero in all the bits of a hextets then zeros can be omitted and the single colon between the hextets is replaced by double colon.
loopback address for ipv6 is:-::1
Ex:-2478:b3cf:0256:78de:4458:6790:0000:1234


we can give  the ip address each host machine manually ,but if we want to give the ip address automatically then we have to use "DHCP"concept(dynamic host control protocol).

         MAC ADDRESS

MAC address stands for "media access control".it is given to network adapter when it is manufactured.it is also called a physical address as well as a hardware address as it is hardcoded into our computer network interface card(NIC) and it is unique to it.something called the ARP(ADDRESS RESOLUTION PROTOCOL)converts the ip address into mac address.

mac address is assigned for communication at the data link layer of   a network segment.

mac address is assigned by the manufacturer of NIC and are stored in its hardware.it is a 48 bit  hexadecimal address.the first 24  bits are decided by the organisation and may contain the organisation unique identifier(OUI).the next 24 bits contains NIC controller.the MAC address of 48 bits is divided into 6 octets and 8 bits each.

To find the MAC ADDRESS of the system:-
1.click on start button,type cmd and press enter
2.in the cmd,type ipconfig/all and press enter

How to find MAC-VENDOR?????

it is simply done by "MAC VENDOR LOOK UP",we have to enter the value of the mac address and we will be getting the mac vendor

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